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Cisco Motion: Big News in WirelessCisco Motion: Big News in Wireless

Cisco made a major announcement today regarding their Mobile Services Architecture, and it represents a significant development in the wireless LAN market. Dubbed Cisco Motion, this multi-faceted announcement introduces both a product and a platform for the development of wireless communications-enabled business processes (CEBP).

Michael Finneran

May 28, 2008

23 Min Read
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Cisco made a major announcement today regarding their Mobile Services Architecture, and it represents a significant development in the wireless LAN market. Dubbed Cisco Motion, this multi-faceted announcement introduces both a product and a platform for the development of wireless communications-enabled business processes (CEBP).

Cisco made a major announcement today regarding their Mobile Services Architecture, and it represents a significant development in the wireless LAN market. Dubbed Cisco Motion, this multi-faceted announcement introduces both a product and a platform for the development of wireless communications-enabled business processes (CEBP).Cisco is introducing a Mobile Services Engine (MSE), a server that provides a set of mobile services including Wi-Fi/cellular roaming, context-aware location, wireless intrusion protection, and client security management. However, according to Ben Gibson, Cisco's Director of Mobility Solutions Marketing, the real news is that the MSE will come with a set of application program interfaces (APIs) that will allow developers to build applications that link directly to the wireless network. The architecture will also extend those capabilities beyond Wi-Fi to encompass RFID, ZigBee, Ultra-Wideband, cellular, WiMAX, and other radio transports as well.

A number of Cisco partners including HP, IBM, Nokia, Oracle, Agito Networks and AeroScout are participating in the announcement and plan to develop products that link to the architecture. In effect, Cisco is attempting to develop a new wireless ecosystem with Cisco's wireless products at the core.

THE ANNOUNCEMENT

As shown in Figure 1, at the core of the announcement is the Cisco 3300 Series Mobility Services Engine (MSE), an appliance-based platform with open application program interfaces (APIs) that will allow solution providers to access services provided on a Cisco controlled wireless network. FIGURE 1


The MSE can support a number of services including:

  • Context-Aware Location: Using elements from technology partner AeroScout, the MSE will be able to use Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) along with traditional received signal strength indication (RSSI) to determine location. TDOA provides a more reliable option for large indoor spaces and outdoor environments. Along with location information, the MSE can collect sensor information like temperature or status so that an application can determine more than simple location.

  • Adaptive Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS): According to Chris Kozup, Cisco's Senior Manager for Mobility, the Adaptive WIPS capability will increase their threat detection capabilities six-fold. Along with traditional features like rogue AP detection, the Adaptive WIPS will incorporate spectrum analysis, and upgraded software in their wireless network controllers that will be able to provide a security dashboard to help identify vulnerabilities.

  • Secure Client Manager: The Secure Client Manager is a software product based on technology from Cisco's Meetinghouse acquisition, and it is designed to centralize the secure provisioning of mobile devices. According to Pat Calhoun, Cisco's CTO for the Access and Network Services Group, with the growing number of mobile clients being installed, network managers need a way to activate those devices securely using 802.1x-based authentication.

  • Mobile Intelligent Roaming: This function will support fixed-mobile convergence, or the ability for stations to seamlessly roam between WLAN, cellular, and eventually other wireless networks. The MSE does not manage the handoff itself, but merely provides a set of metrics to an external mobility controller that executes the call transfer.

    Cisco's partner Agito Networks will be making use of this particular function and providing the mobility controller. According to Pejman Roshan, Agito's co-founder and VP of Marketing, the key to providing an effective handoff between the WLAN and the cellular network is to have a clear view of the status of both networks as well as the device itself. He notes that the client software allows the handset to monitor the quality of the cellular coverage based on signal strength, but it needs a better view of what's going on in the WLAN to determine which network would support the call best. The MSE provides Agito's Mobility Router with a composite metric of user location and WLAN availability so they can make an intelligent choice as to whether a call should be handed off. For example, the MSE might signal that they should hand off the call to cellular, but if the client signals that the cellular service is poor or non-existent, they might choose to leave the call on the wireless LAN. Along with the network metrics, the Mobility Router can also consider factors such as battery state (cellular is more battery-efficient than Wi-Fi), session quality, or user defined policies.

    THE ARCHITECTURE

    The bigger part of the announcement is the architecture (Figure 2), which describes a framework in which developers can build applications that link to the wireless network. The definition of the "wireless network" can now extend beyond Wi-Fi.

    The applications access the mobility services layer over a set of SOAP/XML-based open APIs allowing applications providers defined service links to the wireless network. At the network layer, the wireless controllers use CAPWAP (the Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points protocol) to communicate with the thin access points that compose a WLAN switch implementation. The CAPWAP working group is now splitting the specification, a move that will allow it to address other technologies including wired Ethernet, cellular, WiMAX, ZigBee, and Ultra Wide-Band (UWB).


    FIGURE 2


    Cisco argues that their architecture will provide for better scalability, as the network controllers are configured with a high capacity data path while the MSE will feature a high capacity CPU. In centralized WLAN switch architectures like Cisco's, all of the traffic on and off the wireless LAN is passed through the wireless controller, and controller capacity is becoming a concern with the higher-capacity 802.11n radio link.

    THE STRATEGY

    Cisco is clearly looking to change the rules of the wireless LAN game. They now enjoy a dominant market share in wired and wireless local area networks, and their share of the IP PBX market is growing. The only other vendor with a product line nearly this wide is Siemens, which has an IP PBX, a wireless LAN solution (through their Chantry group), and what may be a superior unified communications solution in their OpenScape platform.

    Cisco can now describe a more comprehensive picture of enterprise mobility with the Mobility Services Engine, and by enhancing CAPWAP, they can expand the definition of the "wireless network" beyond Wi-Fi. Open interfaces will allow them to attract partners to develop application solutions that depend on functions that are unique to their wireless products. The key element in this strategy is that Cisco products are at the core of the infrastructure.

    CONCLUSION

    Mobility is becoming one of the key drivers for enterprise communications, and that vision encompasses voice, data, and applications services. This emphasis on mobility is taking Wireless LAN technology from being a convenience to an essential part of the business environment. Cisco is describing a vision that combines WLAN voice, fixed mobile convergence, and mobile unified communications to provide the core elements for developing wireless communications-enabled business processes.

    It will be interesting to see how the other WLAN, IP PBX, and unified communications vendors respond to Cisco Motion. The big question is whether the IP PBX and UC vendors build interfaces that tie into the architecture. In the WLAN area, the announcement has certainly added a new angle to the debate over centralized versus distributed WLAN switch architectures. The other WLAN vendors will have to start working on ecosystems of their own or risk losing market share to the Cisco juggernaut.


    Cisco Motion Delivery Schedule May 2008: Wireless Network Software Release 5.1 June 2008: Mobility Services Engine (MSE); Context-Aware Location Software 2nd Half 2008: Mobile Intelligent Roaming Software; Adaptive Wireless Intrusion Protection System 1st Half 2009: Secure Client Manager Software

  • Adaptive Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS): According to Chris Kozup, Cisco's Senior Manager for Mobility, the Adaptive WIPS capability will increase their threat detection capabilities six-fold. Along with traditional features like rogue AP detection, the Adaptive WIPS will incorporate spectrum analysis, and upgraded software in their wireless network controllers that will be able to provide a security dashboard to help identify vulnerabilities.

  • Secure Client Manager: The Secure Client Manager is a software product based on technology from Cisco's Meetinghouse acquisition, and it is designed to centralize the secure provisioning of mobile devices. According to Pat Calhoun, Cisco's CTO for the Access and Network Services Group, with the growing number of mobile clients being installed, network managers need a way to activate those devices securely using 802.1x-based authentication.

  • Mobile Intelligent Roaming: This function will support fixed-mobile convergence, or the ability for stations to seamlessly roam between WLAN, cellular, and eventually other wireless networks. The MSE does not manage the handoff itself, but merely provides a set of metrics to an external mobility controller that executes the call transfer.

    Cisco's partner Agito Networks will be making use of this particular function and providing the mobility controller. According to Pejman Roshan, Agito's co-founder and VP of Marketing, the key to providing an effective handoff between the WLAN and the cellular network is to have a clear view of the status of both networks as well as the device itself. He notes that the client software allows the handset to monitor the quality of the cellular coverage based on signal strength, but it needs a better view of what's going on in the WLAN to determine which network would support the call best. The MSE provides Agito's Mobility Router with a composite metric of user location and WLAN availability so they can make an intelligent choice as to whether a call should be handed off. For example, the MSE might signal that they should hand off the call to cellular, but if the client signals that the cellular service is poor or non-existent, they might choose to leave the call on the wireless LAN. Along with the network metrics, the Mobility Router can also consider factors such as battery state (cellular is more battery-efficient than Wi-Fi), session quality, or user defined policies.

    THE ARCHITECTURE

    The bigger part of the announcement is the architecture (Figure 2), which describes a framework in which developers can build applications that link to the wireless network. The definition of the "wireless network" can now extend beyond Wi-Fi.

    The applications access the mobility services layer over a set of SOAP/XML-based open APIs allowing applications providers defined service links to the wireless network. At the network layer, the wireless controllers use CAPWAP (the Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points protocol) to communicate with the thin access points that compose a WLAN switch implementation. The CAPWAP working group is now splitting the specification, a move that will allow it to address other technologies including wired Ethernet, cellular, WiMAX, ZigBee, and Ultra Wide-Band (UWB).


    FIGURE 2


    Cisco argues that their architecture will provide for better scalability, as the network controllers are configured with a high capacity data path while the MSE will feature a high capacity CPU. In centralized WLAN switch architectures like Cisco's, all of the traffic on and off the wireless LAN is passed through the wireless controller, and controller capacity is becoming a concern with the higher-capacity 802.11n radio link.

    THE STRATEGY

    Cisco is clearly looking to change the rules of the wireless LAN game. They now enjoy a dominant market share in wired and wireless local area networks, and their share of the IP PBX market is growing. The only other vendor with a product line nearly this wide is Siemens, which has an IP PBX, a wireless LAN solution (through their Chantry group), and what may be a superior unified communications solution in their OpenScape platform.

    Cisco can now describe a more comprehensive picture of enterprise mobility with the Mobility Services Engine, and by enhancing CAPWAP, they can expand the definition of the "wireless network" beyond Wi-Fi. Open interfaces will allow them to attract partners to develop application solutions that depend on functions that are unique to their wireless products. The key element in this strategy is that Cisco products are at the core of the infrastructure.

    CONCLUSION

    Mobility is becoming one of the key drivers for enterprise communications, and that vision encompasses voice, data, and applications services. This emphasis on mobility is taking Wireless LAN technology from being a convenience to an essential part of the business environment. Cisco is describing a vision that combines WLAN voice, fixed mobile convergence, and mobile unified communications to provide the core elements for developing wireless communications-enabled business processes.

    It will be interesting to see how the other WLAN, IP PBX, and unified communications vendors respond to Cisco Motion. The big question is whether the IP PBX and UC vendors build interfaces that tie into the architecture. In the WLAN area, the announcement has certainly added a new angle to the debate over centralized versus distributed WLAN switch architectures. The other WLAN vendors will have to start working on ecosystems of their own or risk losing market share to the Cisco juggernaut.


    Cisco Motion Delivery Schedule May 2008: Wireless Network Software Release 5.1 June 2008: Mobility Services Engine (MSE); Context-Aware Location Software 2nd Half 2008: Mobile Intelligent Roaming Software; Adaptive Wireless Intrusion Protection System 1st Half 2009: Secure Client Manager Software

  • Secure Client Manager: The Secure Client Manager is a software product based on technology from Cisco's Meetinghouse acquisition, and it is designed to centralize the secure provisioning of mobile devices. According to Pat Calhoun, Cisco's CTO for the Access and Network Services Group, with the growing number of mobile clients being installed, network managers need a way to activate those devices securely using 802.1x-based authentication.

  • Mobile Intelligent Roaming: This function will support fixed-mobile convergence, or the ability for stations to seamlessly roam between WLAN, cellular, and eventually other wireless networks. The MSE does not manage the handoff itself, but merely provides a set of metrics to an external mobility controller that executes the call transfer.

    Cisco's partner Agito Networks will be making use of this particular function and providing the mobility controller. According to Pejman Roshan, Agito's co-founder and VP of Marketing, the key to providing an effective handoff between the WLAN and the cellular network is to have a clear view of the status of both networks as well as the device itself. He notes that the client software allows the handset to monitor the quality of the cellular coverage based on signal strength, but it needs a better view of what's going on in the WLAN to determine which network would support the call best. The MSE provides Agito's Mobility Router with a composite metric of user location and WLAN availability so they can make an intelligent choice as to whether a call should be handed off. For example, the MSE might signal that they should hand off the call to cellular, but if the client signals that the cellular service is poor or non-existent, they might choose to leave the call on the wireless LAN. Along with the network metrics, the Mobility Router can also consider factors such as battery state (cellular is more battery-efficient than Wi-Fi), session quality, or user defined policies.

    THE ARCHITECTURE

    The bigger part of the announcement is the architecture (Figure 2), which describes a framework in which developers can build applications that link to the wireless network. The definition of the "wireless network" can now extend beyond Wi-Fi.

    The applications access the mobility services layer over a set of SOAP/XML-based open APIs allowing applications providers defined service links to the wireless network. At the network layer, the wireless controllers use CAPWAP (the Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points protocol) to communicate with the thin access points that compose a WLAN switch implementation. The CAPWAP working group is now splitting the specification, a move that will allow it to address other technologies including wired Ethernet, cellular, WiMAX, ZigBee, and Ultra Wide-Band (UWB).


    FIGURE 2


    Cisco argues that their architecture will provide for better scalability, as the network controllers are configured with a high capacity data path while the MSE will feature a high capacity CPU. In centralized WLAN switch architectures like Cisco's, all of the traffic on and off the wireless LAN is passed through the wireless controller, and controller capacity is becoming a concern with the higher-capacity 802.11n radio link.

    THE STRATEGY

    Cisco is clearly looking to change the rules of the wireless LAN game. They now enjoy a dominant market share in wired and wireless local area networks, and their share of the IP PBX market is growing. The only other vendor with a product line nearly this wide is Siemens, which has an IP PBX, a wireless LAN solution (through their Chantry group), and what may be a superior unified communications solution in their OpenScape platform.

    Cisco can now describe a more comprehensive picture of enterprise mobility with the Mobility Services Engine, and by enhancing CAPWAP, they can expand the definition of the "wireless network" beyond Wi-Fi. Open interfaces will allow them to attract partners to develop application solutions that depend on functions that are unique to their wireless products. The key element in this strategy is that Cisco products are at the core of the infrastructure.

    CONCLUSION

    Mobility is becoming one of the key drivers for enterprise communications, and that vision encompasses voice, data, and applications services. This emphasis on mobility is taking Wireless LAN technology from being a convenience to an essential part of the business environment. Cisco is describing a vision that combines WLAN voice, fixed mobile convergence, and mobile unified communications to provide the core elements for developing wireless communications-enabled business processes.

    It will be interesting to see how the other WLAN, IP PBX, and unified communications vendors respond to Cisco Motion. The big question is whether the IP PBX and UC vendors build interfaces that tie into the architecture. In the WLAN area, the announcement has certainly added a new angle to the debate over centralized versus distributed WLAN switch architectures. The other WLAN vendors will have to start working on ecosystems of their own or risk losing market share to the Cisco juggernaut.


    Cisco Motion Delivery Schedule May 2008: Wireless Network Software Release 5.1 June 2008: Mobility Services Engine (MSE); Context-Aware Location Software 2nd Half 2008: Mobile Intelligent Roaming Software; Adaptive Wireless Intrusion Protection System 1st Half 2009: Secure Client Manager Software

  • Mobile Intelligent Roaming: This function will support fixed-mobile convergence, or the ability for stations to seamlessly roam between WLAN, cellular, and eventually other wireless networks. The MSE does not manage the handoff itself, but merely provides a set of metrics to an external mobility controller that executes the call transfer.

    Cisco's partner Agito Networks will be making use of this particular function and providing the mobility controller. According to Pejman Roshan, Agito's co-founder and VP of Marketing, the key to providing an effective handoff between the WLAN and the cellular network is to have a clear view of the status of both networks as well as the device itself. He notes that the client software allows the handset to monitor the quality of the cellular coverage based on signal strength, but it needs a better view of what's going on in the WLAN to determine which network would support the call best. The MSE provides Agito's Mobility Router with a composite metric of user location and WLAN availability so they can make an intelligent choice as to whether a call should be handed off. For example, the MSE might signal that they should hand off the call to cellular, but if the client signals that the cellular service is poor or non-existent, they might choose to leave the call on the wireless LAN. Along with the network metrics, the Mobility Router can also consider factors such as battery state (cellular is more battery-efficient than Wi-Fi), session quality, or user defined policies.

    THE ARCHITECTURE

    The bigger part of the announcement is the architecture (Figure 2), which describes a framework in which developers can build applications that link to the wireless network. The definition of the "wireless network" can now extend beyond Wi-Fi.

    The applications access the mobility services layer over a set of SOAP/XML-based open APIs allowing applications providers defined service links to the wireless network. At the network layer, the wireless controllers use CAPWAP (the Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points protocol) to communicate with the thin access points that compose a WLAN switch implementation. The CAPWAP working group is now splitting the specification, a move that will allow it to address other technologies including wired Ethernet, cellular, WiMAX, ZigBee, and Ultra Wide-Band (UWB).


    FIGURE 2


    Cisco argues that their architecture will provide for better scalability, as the network controllers are configured with a high capacity data path while the MSE will feature a high capacity CPU. In centralized WLAN switch architectures like Cisco's, all of the traffic on and off the wireless LAN is passed through the wireless controller, and controller capacity is becoming a concern with the higher-capacity 802.11n radio link.

    THE STRATEGY

    Cisco is clearly looking to change the rules of the wireless LAN game. They now enjoy a dominant market share in wired and wireless local area networks, and their share of the IP PBX market is growing. The only other vendor with a product line nearly this wide is Siemens, which has an IP PBX, a wireless LAN solution (through their Chantry group), and what may be a superior unified communications solution in their OpenScape platform.

    Cisco can now describe a more comprehensive picture of enterprise mobility with the Mobility Services Engine, and by enhancing CAPWAP, they can expand the definition of the "wireless network" beyond Wi-Fi. Open interfaces will allow them to attract partners to develop application solutions that depend on functions that are unique to their wireless products. The key element in this strategy is that Cisco products are at the core of the infrastructure.

    CONCLUSION

    Mobility is becoming one of the key drivers for enterprise communications, and that vision encompasses voice, data, and applications services. This emphasis on mobility is taking Wireless LAN technology from being a convenience to an essential part of the business environment. Cisco is describing a vision that combines WLAN voice, fixed mobile convergence, and mobile unified communications to provide the core elements for developing wireless communications-enabled business processes.

    It will be interesting to see how the other WLAN, IP PBX, and unified communications vendors respond to Cisco Motion. The big question is whether the IP PBX and UC vendors build interfaces that tie into the architecture. In the WLAN area, the announcement has certainly added a new angle to the debate over centralized versus distributed WLAN switch architectures. The other WLAN vendors will have to start working on ecosystems of their own or risk losing market share to the Cisco juggernaut.


    Cisco Motion Delivery Schedule May 2008: Wireless Network Software Release 5.1 June 2008: Mobility Services Engine (MSE); Context-Aware Location Software 2nd Half 2008: Mobile Intelligent Roaming Software; Adaptive Wireless Intrusion Protection System 1st Half 2009: Secure Client Manager Software

    Cisco's partner Agito Networks will be making use of this particular function and providing the mobility controller. According to Pejman Roshan, Agito's co-founder and VP of Marketing, the key to providing an effective handoff between the WLAN and the cellular network is to have a clear view of the status of both networks as well as the device itself. He notes that the client software allows the handset to monitor the quality of the cellular coverage based on signal strength, but it needs a better view of what's going on in the WLAN to determine which network would support the call best. The MSE provides Agito's Mobility Router with a composite metric of user location and WLAN availability so they can make an intelligent choice as to whether a call should be handed off. For example, the MSE might signal that they should hand off the call to cellular, but if the client signals that the cellular service is poor or non-existent, they might choose to leave the call on the wireless LAN. Along with the network metrics, the Mobility Router can also consider factors such as battery state (cellular is more battery-efficient than Wi-Fi), session quality, or user defined policies.

    THE ARCHITECTURE

    The bigger part of the announcement is the architecture (Figure 2), which describes a framework in which developers can build applications that link to the wireless network. The definition of the "wireless network" can now extend beyond Wi-Fi.

    The applications access the mobility services layer over a set of SOAP/XML-based open APIs allowing applications providers defined service links to the wireless network. At the network layer, the wireless controllers use CAPWAP (the Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points protocol) to communicate with the thin access points that compose a WLAN switch implementation. The CAPWAP working group is now splitting the specification, a move that will allow it to address other technologies including wired Ethernet, cellular, WiMAX, ZigBee, and Ultra Wide-Band (UWB).


    FIGURE 2


    Cisco argues that their architecture will provide for better scalability, as the network controllers are configured with a high capacity data path while the MSE will feature a high capacity CPU. In centralized WLAN switch architectures like Cisco's, all of the traffic on and off the wireless LAN is passed through the wireless controller, and controller capacity is becoming a concern with the higher-capacity 802.11n radio link.

    THE STRATEGY

    Cisco is clearly looking to change the rules of the wireless LAN game. They now enjoy a dominant market share in wired and wireless local area networks, and their share of the IP PBX market is growing. The only other vendor with a product line nearly this wide is Siemens, which has an IP PBX, a wireless LAN solution (through their Chantry group), and what may be a superior unified communications solution in their OpenScape platform.

    Cisco can now describe a more comprehensive picture of enterprise mobility with the Mobility Services Engine, and by enhancing CAPWAP, they can expand the definition of the "wireless network" beyond Wi-Fi. Open interfaces will allow them to attract partners to develop application solutions that depend on functions that are unique to their wireless products. The key element in this strategy is that Cisco products are at the core of the infrastructure.

    CONCLUSION

    Mobility is becoming one of the key drivers for enterprise communications, and that vision encompasses voice, data, and applications services. This emphasis on mobility is taking Wireless LAN technology from being a convenience to an essential part of the business environment. Cisco is describing a vision that combines WLAN voice, fixed mobile convergence, and mobile unified communications to provide the core elements for developing wireless communications-enabled business processes.

    It will be interesting to see how the other WLAN, IP PBX, and unified communications vendors respond to Cisco Motion. The big question is whether the IP PBX and UC vendors build interfaces that tie into the architecture. In the WLAN area, the announcement has certainly added a new angle to the debate over centralized versus distributed WLAN switch architectures. The other WLAN vendors will have to start working on ecosystems of their own or risk losing market share to the Cisco juggernaut.


    Cisco Motion Delivery Schedule May 2008: Wireless Network Software Release 5.1 June 2008: Mobility Services Engine (MSE); Context-Aware Location Software 2nd Half 2008: Mobile Intelligent Roaming Software; Adaptive Wireless Intrusion Protection System 1st Half 2009: Secure Client Manager Software

About the Author

Michael Finneran

Michael F. Finneran, is Principal at dBrn Associates, Inc., a full-service advisory firm specializing in wireless and mobility. With over 40-years experience in networking, Mr. Finneran has become a recognized expert in the field and has assisted clients in a wide range of project assignments spanning service selection, product research, policy development, purchase analysis, and security/technology assessment. The practice addresses both an industry analyst role with vendors as well as serving as a consultant to end users, a combination that provides an in-depth perspective on the industry.

His expertise spans the full range of wireless technologies including Wi-Fi, 3G/4G/5G Cellular and IoT network services as well as fixed wireless, satellite, RFID and Land Mobile Radio (LMR)/first responder communications. Along with a deep understanding of the technical challenges, he also assists clients with the business aspects of mobility including mobile security, policy and vendor comparisons. Michael has provided assistance to carriers, equipment manufacturers, investment firms, and end users in a variety of industry and government verticals. He recently led the technical evaluation for one of the largest cellular contracts in the U.S.

As a byproduct of his consulting assignments, Michael has become a fixture within the industry. He has appeared at hundreds of trade shows and industry conferences, and helps plan the Mobility sessions at Enterprise Connect. Since his first piece in 1980, he has published over 1,000 articles in NoJitter, BCStrategies, InformationWeek, Computerworld, Channel Partners and Business Communications Review, the print predecessor to No Jitter.

Mr. Finneran has conducted over 2,000 seminars on networking topics in the U.S. and around the world, and was an Adjunct Professor in the Graduate Telecommunications Program at Pace University. Along with his technical credentials, Michael holds a Masters Degree in Management from the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University.